Chemical Coordination and Integration — Important Questions
51 questions
With answersCBSE format
SUMMARY: This chapter focuses on the endocrine system and the hormonal regulation of physiological processes in the human body. KEY TOPICS: endocrine glands, hormones, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, gonads, feedback mechanisms, hypothalamus, hormonal disorders
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?
ACalcitonin
BInsulin
CThyroxine
DGrowth hormone
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Correct answer: Option 1 — Calcitonin
Q111 Mark
What condition is characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults?
ADwarfism
BAcromegaly
CGigantism
DCushing's syndrome
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Acromegaly
Q121 Mark
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
ACortisol
BAdrenaline
CNorepinephrine
DTestosterone
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Adrenaline
Q131 Mark
What is the feedback mechanism called when high levels of a hormone inhibit its own production?
APositive feedback
BNegative feedback
CHomeostasis
DHormonal cascade
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Negative feedback
Q141 Mark
Which gland produces hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle?
AThyroid gland
BPituitary gland
CAdrenal gland
DPancreas
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Pituitary gland
Q151 Mark
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood sugar levels?
AGlucagon
BInsulin
CSomatostatin
DCortisol
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Insulin
Short Answer Questions10 questions
Q163 Marks
Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.
Q173 Marks
What are the functions of thyroid hormones?
Q183 Marks
Explain the role of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose regulation.
Q193 Marks
Mention the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and their functions.
Q203 Marks
What is the role of hypothalamus in hormone secretion?
Q213 Marks
Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.
Q223 Marks
What are the functions of thyroid hormones?
Q233 Marks
Explain the role of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose regulation.
Q243 Marks
Mention the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and their functions.
Q253 Marks
What is the role of hypothalamus in hormone secretion?
Long Answer Questions6 questions
Q266 Marks
Describe the various endocrine glands of the human body and their hormones.
Q276 Marks
Explain the structure and functions of the pituitary gland.
Q286 Marks
Discuss the mechanism of hormone action with examples.
Q296 Marks
Describe the role of the pancreas as an endocrine gland.
Q306 Marks
Explain the disorders of thyroid and adrenal glands.
Q316 Marks
Describe the various endocrine glands of the human body and their hormones.
Assertion–Reason Questions8 questions
Q321 Mark
Assertion (A): Hormones act in very small quantities.
Reason (R): They are highly potent biochemical messengers.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q331 Mark
Assertion (A): Diabetes mellitus is caused by insulin deficiency.
Reason (R): Insulin is required for cellular uptake of glucose.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q341 Mark
Assertion (A): Adrenaline is called the emergency hormone.
Reason (R): It is secreted in response to stress and prepares the body for fight or flight.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q351 Mark
Assertion (A): The pituitary controls many other endocrine glands.
Reason (R): Its tropic hormones regulate the activity of other endocrine glands.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q361 Mark
Assertion (A): Calcitonin lowers blood calcium.
Reason (R): It promotes the deposition of calcium in bones.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q371 Mark
Assertion (A): Hormones act in very small quantities.
Reason (R): They are highly potent biochemical messengers.
Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q381 Mark
Assertion (A): Diabetes mellitus is caused by insulin deficiency.
Reason (R): Insulin is required for cellular uptake of glucose.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q391 Mark
Assertion (A): Adrenaline is called the emergency hormone.
Reason (R): It is secreted in response to stress and prepares the body for fight or flight.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Statement-Based Questions8 questions
Q401 Mark
Statement 1: Statement I: The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Statement 2: Statement II: These hormones contain iodine and regulate metabolism.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q411 Mark
Statement 1: Statement I: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid.
Statement 2: Statement II: It is involved in stress response and gluconeogenesis.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q421 Mark
Statement 1: Statement I: The pineal gland secretes melatonin.
Statement 2: Statement II: Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q431 Mark
Statement 1: Statement I: ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary.
Statement 2: Statement II: It promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q441 Mark
Statement 1: Statement I: Hormones can be peptide, steroid, or amino acid derivatives.
Statement 2: Statement II: Steroid hormones can directly enter cells and bind to intracellular receptors.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q451 Mark
Statement 1: The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Statement 2: These hormones contain iodine and regulate metabolism.
Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q461 Mark
Statement 1: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid.
Statement 2: It is involved in stress response and gluconeogenesis.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q471 Mark
Statement 1: The pineal gland secretes melatonin.
Statement 2: Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Case Study / Passage Questions2 questions
Q483 Marks
A 12-year-old girl from a hilly region is brought to the clinic with a visible swelling in the front of her neck. The doctor diagnoses simple goitre due to iodine deficiency. He prescribes iodised salt and explains the role of iodine in the production of thyroid hormones.
Simple goitre is due to deficiency of:
AIron
BIodine
CCalcium
DVitamin C
The hormone affected in goitre is produced by the:
APituitary
BThyroid
CAdrenal
DPancreas
Explain the cause, consequences and prevention of iodine-deficiency disorders.
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1. Option 2 — Iodine
2. Option 2 — Thyroid
3. Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency reduces hormone production and the pituitary releases more TSH which stimulates the thyroid causing it to enlarge — producing a goitre. Other consequences include cretinism in children and myxoedema in adults. Universal iodisation of salt is the most cost-effective preventive measure.
Q493 Marks
A 50-year-old man with chronic fatigue and excessive thirst is found to have a fasting blood sugar of 200 mg/dL. The doctor diagnoses type 2 diabetes mellitus and prescribes diet, exercise and oral hypoglycaemic agents. He explains the role of insulin and how the disease develops when target tissues become resistant to the hormone.
The hormone that lowers blood glucose is:
AGlucagon
BInsulin
CAdrenaline
DCortisol
Insulin is secreted by the:
APituitary
BThyroid
CPancreas
DAdrenal
Differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and discuss their management.
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1. Option 2 — Insulin
2. Option 3 — Pancreas
3. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia. Type 1 (insulin-dependent) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and requires lifelong insulin replacement. Type 2 results from insulin resistance and often a relative insulin deficiency and is treated with diet, exercise, oral drugs and sometimes insulin. Long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, neuropathy and retinopathy.
Table-Based Questions2 questions
Q503 Marks
Study the table of major endocrine glands and their hormones:
Gland
Hormone
Major function
Pituitary
Growth hormone
Body growth
Thyroid
Thyroxine
Basal metabolic rate
Pancreas
Insulin
Lowers blood glucose
Adrenal cortex
Cortisol
Stress and metabolism
Adrenal medulla
Adrenaline
Fight-or-flight response
Ovary
Estrogen
Female secondary characters
The master gland that controls many other endocrine glands is the:
APituitary
BThyroid
CPancreas
DAdrenal
The hormone secreted in response to acute stress is:
ACortisol
BAdrenaline
CInsulin
DThyroxine
Discuss the structure and functions of the pituitary gland as the master endocrine gland.
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1. Option 1 — Pituitary
2. Option 2 — Adrenaline
3. The endocrine system uses chemical messengers (hormones) to coordinate body functions. The pituitary gland is the master gland because its tropic hormones regulate the activity of other endocrine glands. Hormones from the thyroid, pancreas and adrenals regulate metabolism, glucose and stress response respectively. Hormones act in very small amounts and their secretion is regulated by feedback mechanisms.
Q516 Marks
Match each major endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function.
