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Chapter 5 · Class 11 Biology

Body Fluids and Circulation — Important Questions

56 questions With answers CBSE format

SUMMARY: This chapter explores the composition and functions of body fluids and the mechanisms of circulation in humans and other animals.
KEY TOPICS: blood composition, blood groups, coagulation of blood, lymph, human circulatory system, structure of heart, cardiac cycle, ECG, double circulation, regulation of cardiac activity, disorders of circulatory system

Previous chapter Biomolecules Next chapter Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 15 questions
Q1 1 Mark

The number of chambers in the human heart is:

A2
B3
C4
D5
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 4 — 5
Q2 1 Mark

The pacemaker of the human heart is:

ASA node
BAV node
CBundle of His
DPurkinje fibres
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — SA node
Q3 1 Mark

The blood group having no antigen but both antibodies is:

AA
BB
CAB
DO
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 4 — O
Q4 1 Mark

Lymph differs from blood in lacking:

AWBCs
BRBCs
CPlasma
DPlatelets
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 2 — RBCs
Q5 1 Mark

Universal donor blood group is:

AA
BB
CAB
DO
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 4 — O
Q6 1 Mark

The number of chambers in the human heart is:

A2
B3
C4
D5
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 3 — 4
Q7 1 Mark

What is the primary function of red blood cells in the human body?

ATransporting carbon dioxide
BTransporting oxygen
CRegulating body temperature
DProducing antibodies
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 2 — Transporting oxygen
Q8 1 Mark

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?

APlasma
BWhite blood cells
CPlatelets
DRed blood cells
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 3 — Platelets
Q9 1 Mark

The cardiac cycle consists of which two main phases?

ASystole and diastole
BInspiration and expiration
CContraction and relaxation
DExcitation and contraction
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Systole and diastole
Q10 1 Mark

What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

APumping blood
BGenerating electrical impulses
CRegulating blood pressure
DFiltering blood
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 2 — Generating electrical impulses
Q11 1 Mark

Which blood group is known as the 'universal recipient'?

AO
BA
CAB
DB
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 3 — AB
Q12 1 Mark

The term 'double circulation' refers to:

ABlood flowing through two hearts
BBlood circulating through two separate circuits
CBlood moving in two directions simultaneously
DBlood being pumped twice in one heartbeat
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 2 — Blood circulating through two separate circuits
Q13 1 Mark

What is the primary component of lymph?

ARed blood cells
BWhite blood cells
CPlasma proteins
DInterstitial fluid
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 4 — Interstitial fluid
Q14 1 Mark

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

ATransport of nutrients
BRegulation of body temperature
CProduction of hormones
DDefense against pathogens
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 3 — Production of hormones
Q15 1 Mark

The QRS complex in an ECG represents:

AAtrial depolarization
BVentricular depolarization
CVentricular repolarization
DAtrial repolarization
Check answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 2 — Ventricular depolarization
Short Answer Questions 10 questions
Q16 3 Marks

Differentiate between blood plasma and serum.

Q17 3 Marks

What is double circulation? Why is it important?

Q18 3 Marks

Explain the ABO blood group system.

Q19 3 Marks

Describe the events of the cardiac cycle briefly.

Q20 3 Marks

What is the role of WBCs in our body?

Q21 3 Marks

Differentiate between blood plasma and serum.

Q22 3 Marks

What is double circulation? Why is it important?

Q23 3 Marks

Explain the ABO blood group system.

Q24 3 Marks

Describe the events of the cardiac cycle briefly.

Q25 3 Marks

What is the role of WBCs in our body?

Long Answer Questions 6 questions
Q26 6 Marks

Describe the structure of human heart with a labelled diagram.

Q27 6 Marks

Explain the cardiac cycle and the conduction system of the heart.

Q28 6 Marks

Discuss the composition and functions of blood.

Q29 6 Marks

Explain the lymphatic system and its functions.

Q30 6 Marks

Describe disorders of the circulatory system: hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure.

Q31 6 Marks

Describe the structure of human heart with a labelled diagram.

Assertion–Reason Questions 8 questions
Q32 1 Mark

Assertion (A): Mammals have a four-chambered heart.

Reason (R): Four chambers prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q33 1 Mark

Assertion (A): Lymph is a clear fluid that drains into blood.

Reason (R): It contains lymphocytes and absorbed fats.

Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q34 1 Mark

Assertion (A): Blood is a connective tissue.

Reason (R): It has a fluid matrix called plasma.

Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q35 1 Mark

Assertion (A): The SA node initiates the heart beat.

Reason (R): It generates electrical impulses spontaneously.

Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q36 1 Mark

Assertion (A): An ECG records electrical activity of the heart.

Reason (R): It is used to diagnose heart abnormalities.

Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q37 1 Mark

Assertion (A): Mammals have a four-chambered heart.

Reason (R): Four chambers prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q38 1 Mark

Assertion (A): Lymph is a clear fluid that drains into blood.

Reason (R): It contains lymphocytes and absorbed fats.

Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q39 1 Mark

Assertion (A): Blood is a connective tissue.

Reason (R): It has a fluid matrix called plasma.

Show explanationHide explanation
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Statement-Based Questions 8 questions
Q40 1 Mark

Statement 1: Statement I: Plasma is the liquid component of blood.

Statement 2: Statement II: It contains 90-92% water and 6-8% proteins.

Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both statements are true.
Q41 1 Mark

Statement 1: Statement I: Erythrocytes lack a nucleus in mammals.

Statement 2: Statement II: This increases the surface area for oxygen transport.

Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both statements are true.
Q42 1 Mark

Statement 1: Statement I: Platelets help in blood clotting.

Statement 2: Statement II: They release factors that initiate the clotting cascade.

Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both statements are true.
Q43 1 Mark

Statement 1: Statement I: Diastole is the relaxation phase of the heart.

Statement 2: Statement II: Systole is the contraction phase.

Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both statements are true.
Q44 1 Mark

Statement 1: Statement I: Rh factor is an antigen on RBCs.

Statement 2: Statement II: A Rh negative mother carrying a Rh positive baby may face complications.

Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both statements are true.
Q45 1 Mark

Statement 1: Plasma is the liquid component of blood.

Statement 2: It contains 90-92% water and 6-8% proteins.

Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both statements are true.
Q46 1 Mark

Statement 1: Erythrocytes lack a nucleus in mammals.

Statement 2: This increases the surface area for oxygen transport.

Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both statements are true.
Q47 1 Mark

Statement 1: Platelets help in blood clotting.

Statement 2: They release factors that initiate the clotting cascade.

Show answerHide answer
Correct answer: Option 1 — Both statements are true.
Case Study / Passage Questions 4 questions
Q48 3 Marks
A 55-year-old man is rushed to the emergency room with severe chest pain radiating to his left arm. An ECG reveals ST-elevation. The cardiologist diagnoses a myocardial infarction caused by a blocked coronary artery and the patient is given thrombolytic drugs and undergoes coronary angioplasty.
  1. The vessels that supply the heart muscle are the:
    AAorta
    BPulmonary artery
    CCoronary artery
    DVena cava
  2. Electrical activity of the heart is recorded by:
    AEEG
    BECG
    CEMG
    DEOG
  3. Explain the cause, ECG changes and emergency treatment of myocardial infarction.
Show answersHide answers
1. Option 3 — Coronary artery
2. Option 2 — ECG
3. A myocardial infarction (heart attack) occurs when blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked usually by atherosclerotic plaque rupture in a coronary artery. The deprived heart muscle dies releasing markers like troponin into the blood. ECG shows ST-segment elevation. Treatment includes thrombolytic agents to dissolve the clot and angioplasty to reopen the artery. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol.
Q49 3 Marks
A trauma patient with blood group O Rh-negative needs an emergency transfusion. The hospital blood bank checks compatibility and decides which donor blood is safe. They explain to the relatives why O Rh-negative is called the universal donor and AB Rh-positive the universal recipient.
  1. The universal donor blood group is:
    AA
    BB
    CAB
    DO
  2. The universal recipient blood group is:
    AA
    BB
    CAB
    DO
  3. Explain why O Rh-negative is the universal donor and AB Rh-positive is the universal recipient.
Show answersHide answers
1. Option 4 — O
2. Option 3 — AB
3. Blood group O has neither A nor B antigens on its RBCs so transfused O blood will not be attacked by anti-A or anti-B antibodies in the recipient. AB blood lacks both antibodies in plasma so it can receive any blood without an antibody reaction. The Rh factor adds another layer — Rh-negative individuals develop anti-Rh antibodies on exposure so Rh-negative blood is considered safer for emergency transfusion.
Q50 3 Marks
Blood is a vital fluid in the human body, composed of various components including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returning carbon dioxide to be exhaled. White blood cells play a crucial role in the immune system, protecting the body against infections. Platelets are essential for blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding when injuries occur. Plasma, the liquid portion of blood, contains water, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Understanding the composition of blood is essential for diagnosing and treating various medical conditions.
  1. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
    ATransporting nutrients
    BTransporting oxygen
    CFighting infections
    DClotting blood
  2. Explain the role of platelets in the circulatory system.
  3. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for immune response?
    APlasma
    BRed blood cells
    CWhite blood cells
    DPlatelets
Show answersHide answers
1. Option 2 — Transporting oxygen
2. Platelets are essential for blood clotting, helping to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur.
3. Option 3 — White blood cells
Q51 3 Marks
The human circulatory system is a complex network that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart, a muscular organ, pumps blood throughout the body, ensuring that oxygen and nutrients reach every cell. The circulatory system operates on a double circulation mechanism, consisting of the pulmonary circuit, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the systemic circuit, which delivers oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The cardiac cycle describes the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat, including the contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers. Understanding this system is crucial for recognizing cardiovascular health and disorders.
  1. What are the two circuits involved in double circulation?
    APulmonary and systemic
    BOxygenated and deoxygenated
    CArterial and venous
    DCoronary and systemic
  2. Describe the cardiac cycle.
  3. What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?
    AFiltering blood
    BPumping blood
    CProducing hormones
    DTransporting nutrients
Show answersHide answers
1. Option 1 — Pulmonary and systemic
2. The cardiac cycle describes the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat, including the contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers.
3. Option 2 — Pumping blood
Table-Based Questions 4 questions
Q52 3 Marks

Study the table on ABO blood group system and answer:

Blood groupAntigen on RBCAntibody in plasmaCan donate toCan receive from
AAanti-BA, ABA, O
BBanti-AB, ABB, O
ABA and BNoneABAll
ONoneanti-A and anti-BAllO
  1. The blood group with both antigens but no antibodies is:
    AA
    BB
    CAB
    DO
  2. A patient with blood group A can safely receive blood from groups:
    AA
    BB
    CAB
    DO
  3. Explain the inheritance and clinical importance of the ABO blood group system.
Show answersHide answers
1. Option 3 — AB
2. Option 1 — A
3. The ABO blood group system is determined by the presence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs. The corresponding antibodies are present in the plasma against the antigens absent on RBCs. Mismatched transfusion causes agglutination and haemolysis. Safe transfusion requires that the donor's RBC antigens are not attacked by the recipient's plasma antibodies.
Q53 6 Marks

Identify the antigen on RBCs and antibody in plasma for each ABO blood group.

Blood groupAntigen on RBCAntibody in plasma
A??
B??
AB??
O??
Q54 6 Marks

What is the average percentage of plasma proteins in human blood based on the following data?

ComponentPercentage
Albumin55
Globulins38
Fibrinogen7
Q55 3 Marks

Study the following data and answer the questions below:

Blood GroupAntigen on RBCAntibody in Plasma
AAAnti-B
BBAnti-A
ABA and BNone
ONoneAnti-A and Anti-B
  1. Which blood group has no antigens on RBC?
  2. What antibodies are present in blood group A?
  3. Identify the blood group that can receive blood from all other groups.
Show answersHide answers
1.
2.
3.
Picture-Based Questions 1 question
Q56 4 Marks

Study the schematic of the human heart and answer:

Body Fluids and Circulation figure
  1. The number of chambers in the human heart is:
    A2
    B3
    C4
    D5
  2. Oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart by the:
    AAorta
    BPulmonary artery
    CVena cava
    DPulmonary vein
  3. Describe the structure of the human heart and trace the flow of blood through it.
Show answersHide answers
1. Option 3 — 4
2. Option 4 — Pulmonary vein
3. The human heart is a four-chambered organ. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the vena cava goes to the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium via the pulmonary vein goes to the left ventricle and is pumped to the body through the aorta.
Previous chapter Biomolecules Next chapter Breathing and Exchange of Gases

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