Morphology of Flowering Plants — Important Questions
50 questions
With answersCBSE format
SUMMARY: This chapter focuses on the external structure and form of flowering plants, detailing various parts and their functions. KEY TOPICS: root system, shoot system, leaf morphology, flower structure, inflorescence types, fruit types, seed structure, phyllotaxy, venation, modifications of roots and stems
Which of the following is a modification of the stem?
ACarrot
BSweet potato
CGinger
DRadish
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Correct answer: Option 3 — Ginger
Q41 Mark
Which type of inflorescence is seen in mustard?
ACymose
BRacemose
CCompound
DSpadix
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Racemose
Q51 Mark
Aestivation in which margins of sepals or petals overlap is called:
AValvate
BTwisted
CImbricate
DVexillary
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Correct answer: Option 3 — Imbricate
Q61 Mark
Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for anchoring it to the soil?
AStem
BLeaf
CRoot
DFlower
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Correct answer: Option 3 — Root
Q71 Mark
What type of venation is characterized by a network of veins that are interconnected?
AParallel venation
BReticulate venation
CPinnate venation
DPalmate venation
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Reticulate venation
Q81 Mark
Which of the following is NOT a function of the root system?
AAbsorption of water
BPhotosynthesis
CNutrient storage
DAnchorage
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Photosynthesis
Q91 Mark
The arrangement of leaves on a stem is known as:
APhyllotaxy
BVenation
CInflorescence
DMorphology
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Correct answer: Option 1 — Phyllotaxy
Q101 Mark
Which type of fruit develops from a single ovary?
AAggregate fruit
BMultiple fruit
CSimple fruit
DAccessory fruit
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Correct answer: Option 3 — Simple fruit
Q111 Mark
Which of the following is a characteristic of a taproot system?
APresence of fibrous roots
BSingle main root
CShallow root depth
DAbsence of lateral roots
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Single main root
Q121 Mark
The floral part that protects the developing flower bud is called:
ASepal
BPetal
CStamen
DPistil
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Correct answer: Option 1 — Sepal
Q131 Mark
Which type of inflorescence is characterized by flowers arranged on a central axis with branches?
ARaceme
BCorymb
CUmbel
DSpike
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Corymb
Q141 Mark
The primary function of leaves is:
AStorage of food
BPhotosynthesis
CReproduction
DSupport
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Correct answer: Option 2 — Photosynthesis
Q151 Mark
Which of the following is an example of a modified stem?
AOnion bulb
BCarrot
CSweet potato
DGinger
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Correct answer: Option 4 — Ginger
Short Answer Questions10 questions
Q163 Marks
Differentiate between taproot and fibrous root systems with examples.
Q173 Marks
What are stem modifications? Give three examples with functions.
Q183 Marks
Explain phyllotaxy and its types.
Q193 Marks
Describe a typical flower and its parts.
Q203 Marks
Differentiate between racemose and cymose inflorescence.
Q213 Marks
What is the primary function of the root system in flowering plants?
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The primary function of the root system is to anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and nutrients, and store food. Roots also play a role in vegetative reproduction in some species.
Q223 Marks
Explain the term 'leaf venation' and describe its types.
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Leaf venation refers to the pattern of veins in a leaf. The main types are parallel venation, where veins run parallel to each other, and reticulate venation, where veins form a net-like pattern.
Q233 Marks
What are the main parts of a typical flower and their functions?
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A typical flower consists of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals protect the flower bud, petals attract pollinators, stamens produce pollen, and carpels contain the ovary, which houses the ovules.
Q243 Marks
Define inflorescence and name two types of inflorescence with examples.
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Inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on a plant. Two types are racemose, where flowers are borne on a central axis (e.g., mustard), and cymose, where flowers develop from a terminal bud (e.g., jasmine).
Q253 Marks
What is the significance of modifications in stems? Provide two examples.
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Modifications in stems allow plants to adapt to their environment. For example, a cactus has a modified stem that stores water, while a potato has a tuber that stores starch and can produce new plants.
Long Answer Questions6 questions
Q266 Marks
Describe the various modifications of roots with examples and functions.
Q276 Marks
Explain the different types of leaves and their modifications with examples.
Q286 Marks
Describe the parts of a typical flower with a labelled diagram.
Q296 Marks
Discuss the different types of placentation in plants with examples.
Q306 Marks
Describe the types of fruits with examples.
Q316 Marks
Differentiate between tap root and fibrous root systems in tabular form with examples.
Assertion–Reason Questions8 questions
Q321 Mark
Assertion (A): Tendrils help plants in climbing.
Reason (R): They are slender, spirally coiled stem or leaf modifications.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q331 Mark
Assertion (A): Onion is a modified underground stem.
Reason (R): It is a bulb that stores food for the plant.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q341 Mark
Assertion (A): Aestivation describes arrangement of sepals or petals in a flower bud.
Reason (R): There are four types of aestivation: valvate, twisted, imbricate and vexillary.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q351 Mark
Assertion (A): The flower of pea is zygomorphic.
Reason (R): It can be divided into two equal halves by only one vertical plane.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q361 Mark
Assertion (A): Coconut is a fibrous fruit.
Reason (R): It is a drupe with a fibrous mesocarp.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q371 Mark
Assertion (A): The root system of a plant is primarily responsible for anchoring the plant to the soil.
Reason (R): The root system also absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q381 Mark
Assertion (A): The leaf venation in monocots is usually parallel.
Reason (R): Parallel venation is a characteristic feature of dicots.
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Correct answer: Option 3 —
A is true, but R is false.
Q391 Mark
Assertion (A): A flower can be described as a modified shoot.
Reason (R): Flowers are formed from modified leaves and stems.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Statement-Based Questions8 questions
Q401 Mark
Statement 1: Tap root is the persistent primary root in dicots.
Statement 2: It is replaced by adventitious roots in monocots.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q411 Mark
Statement 1: A leaf has three parts: base, petiole, and lamina.
Statement 2: The leaf base may be modified into a pulvinus.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q421 Mark
Statement 1: Flowers are the reproductive organs of angiosperms.
Statement 2: A typical flower has four whorls of floral parts.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q431 Mark
Statement 1: Inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on a floral axis.
Statement 2: Two main types are racemose and cymose.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q441 Mark
Statement 1: Mango is a true fruit.
Statement 2: It develops only from the ovary.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Q451 Mark
Statement 1: The root system of a plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis.
Statement 2: The shoot system includes stems and leaves.
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Correct answer: Option 3 —
Only Statement 2 is true.
Q461 Mark
Statement 1: Phyllotaxy refers to the arrangement of leaves on a stem.
Statement 2: The venation pattern in leaves is the same across all plant species.
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Correct answer: Option 2 —
Only Statement 1 is true.
Q471 Mark
Statement 1: Fibrous roots are characteristic of monocots.
Statement 2: Stems can be modified to store food in some plants.
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Correct answer: Option 1 —
Both statements are true.
Case Study / Passage Questions2 questions
Q483 Marks
A class is asked to compare a potato and a sweet potato. Both are starchy underground food stores but the teacher reveals that they are actually modifications of two different plant organs. The students must identify which one is a stem modification and which is a root modification using the position of nodes and buds as evidence.
The potato (with eyes that bear buds) is a:
AModified root
BModified stem
CModified leaf
DModified flower
The sweet potato is correctly described as a:
ATuberous root
BTuber
CBulb
DRhizome
Explain how the position of nodes and axillary buds helps you decide whether a swollen organ is a stem or a root modification.
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1. Option 2 — Modified stem
2. Option 1 — Tuberous root
3. Stem modifications retain features such as nodes, internodes and scaly leaves with axillary buds. The eyes on a potato are the nodes that bear axillary buds — proving it is a stem tuber. The sweet potato lacks nodes and buds and is a tuberous root. Other examples of underground stems are bulbs (onion), corms (Colocasia) and rhizomes (ginger).
Q493 Marks
A student dissects a mustard flower for her botany practical. She finds 4 sepals, 4 petals arranged in a cross, six stamens (4 long + 2 short) and a bicarpellary syncarpous ovary with parietal placentation. She is asked to determine the floral formula and identify the family.
Mustard belongs to the family:
ACruciferae (Brassicaceae)
BSolanaceae
CLiliaceae
DFabaceae
The placentation in mustard is:
AMarginal
BAxile
CParietal
DFree central
Describe the diagnostic features of family Brassicaceae using mustard as a representative example.
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1. Option 1 — Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)
2. Option 3 — Parietal
3. Family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) is identified by tetramerous flowers with cruciform petals, tetradynamous stamens (4 long + 2 short), bicarpellary ovary with parietal placentation and the development of a siliqua type fruit. Members include mustard, radish and cabbage. The family is economically important for oilseeds, vegetables and condiments.
Table-Based Questions1 question
Q503 Marks
Study the table on root and stem modifications and answer:
Modification
Organ
Function
Example
Tuber
Stem
Storage
Potato
Bulb
Stem
Storage
Onion
Rhizome
Stem
Storage
Ginger
Tap root tuber
Root
Storage
Carrot
Stilt root
Root
Mechanical support
Maize
The chief function of stilt roots in maize is:
AStorage
BPhotosynthesis
CMechanical support
DReproduction
A modified root used for food storage is:
AOnion
BCarrot
CGinger
DPotato
Discuss the various ways in which roots can be modified with one example for each function.
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1. Option 3 — Mechanical support
2. Option 2 — Carrot
3. Plants modify their organs to perform additional functions such as food storage, mechanical support, vegetative reproduction and climbing. Underground stem modifications (tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, corms) usually store food and survive unfavourable seasons. Root modifications include tap root tubers (carrot), stilt roots (maize) and prop roots (banyan) supporting the plant.
