SUMMARY: The chapter on Modals in Class 12 English focuses on the usage, functions, and nuances of modal verbs in English grammar. KEY TOPICS: modal verbs, necessity, possibility, permission, obligation, ability, advice, prohibition, certainty, politeness
Choose: 'You ____ wear a helmet while riding' (legal obligation).
Acan
Bmust
Cmay
Dmight
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Correct answer: Option 2 — must
Q21 Mark
Fill in: 'It ____ rain tomorrow' (mild possibility).
Amust
Bcan
Cmay
Dshall
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Correct answer: Option 3 — may
Q31 Mark
Choose: 'I ____ swim when I was five.'
Acan
Bcould
Cmay
Dmust
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Correct answer: Option 2 — could
Q41 Mark
Fill in: '____ I borrow your book please?'
AShould
BWill
CMay
DMust
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Correct answer: Option 3 — May
Q51 Mark
Choose: 'You ____ smoke here' (prohibition).
Amust not
Bneed not
Cmay
Dcan
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Correct answer: Option 1 — must not
Q61 Mark
Fill in: 'You ____ worry about the test it was easy.'
Amust
Bneed not
Cshould not
Dcan
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Correct answer: Option 2 — need not
Q71 Mark
Choose: 'We ____ help the poor and needy.'
Acan
Bmust
Cmay
Dought to
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Correct answer: Option 4 — ought to
Q81 Mark
Fill in: 'You ____ eat too much sugar.' (advice — moderation)
Ashould
Bmust
Cmay
Dcan
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Correct answer: Option 1 — should
Q91 Mark
Choose: '____ you mind opening the window?' (polite request)
ACan
BCould
CWould
DShould
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Correct answer: Option 3 — Would
Q101 Mark
Fill in: 'She ____ (be) at home; her car is in the driveway.' (deduction)
Acan
Bmust
Cmight
Dshould
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Correct answer: Option 2 — must
Q111 Mark
Choose: 'You ____ have called me; I was waiting all evening.' (past unfulfilled)
Amust
Bshould
Ccan
Dmay
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Correct answer: Option 2 — should
Q121 Mark
Fill in: '____ you live a long and healthy life!' (wish)
ACan
BMay
CMust
DWill
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Correct answer: Option 2 — May
Q131 Mark
Choose: 'He works hard so that he ____ succeed.' (purpose)
Acan
Bmust
Cshould
Dmay
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Correct answer: Option 4 — may
Q141 Mark
Fill in: 'She ____ play the violin when she was young.' (past ability)
Acan
Bcould
Cmay
Dmight
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Correct answer: Option 2 — could
Q151 Mark
Choose: 'I ____ rather stay at home.' (preference)
Ashould
Bwould
Cmust
Dcan
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Correct answer: Option 2 — would
Short Answer Questions10 questions
Q163 Marks
Convert into a polite request using a modal: 'Open the window'.
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'Could you please open the window?' or 'Would you mind opening the window?' Both transform a direct order into a polite request using 'could' or 'would'.
Q173 Marks
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals: 'You ____ (advice) eat fruits daily and ____ (necessity) avoid junk food.'
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'should' (advice) and 'must' (strong necessity). 'Should' gives moderate advice; 'must' indicates strong obligation or necessity.
Q183 Marks
Distinguish between 'must' and 'have to' with examples.
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'Must' implies internal/personal obligation: 'I must finish this assignment'. 'Have to' implies external obligation imposed by circumstance or rule: 'I have to attend the meeting because the boss called it'. 'Have to' inflects (had to / will have to); 'must' does not.
Q193 Marks
Convert: 'It is necessary to study hard' using a modal.
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'You must study hard.' or 'You have to study hard.' Necessity is expressed by 'must' or 'have to' depending on whether the obligation is internal or external.
Q203 Marks
Fill in with modals: 'Children ____ obey their parents and ____ help one another.'
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'should' (advice/moral) and 'ought to' (slightly stronger moral obligation) — 'Children should obey their parents and ought to help one another.'
Q213 Marks
Convert: 'It is your duty to look after your parents' using a modal.
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'You ought to look after your parents.' Moral duty is best expressed by 'ought to' or 'should'.
Q223 Marks
Identify and correct the modal error: 'I should went to bed earlier last night.'
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Correct: 'I should HAVE GONE to bed earlier last night.' Past form of modal advice uses 'modal + have + V3' to express past unfulfilled action.
Q233 Marks
Fill in: 'He must ____ (forget) his keys; the door is still locked.' Identify modal type.
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'must HAVE FORGOTTEN' — past deduction or strong assumption: 'modal + have + V3'. Used when we are nearly certain about a past event based on present evidence.
Q243 Marks
Convert: 'Don't smoke here!' into a polite prohibition using a modal.
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'You must not smoke here.' or 'You may not smoke here.' Both modals convey prohibition; 'must not' is stronger (rule-based) while 'may not' is more formal/permissional.
Q253 Marks
Fill in with appropriate modals: 'A student ____ (advice) study daily and ____ (necessity) attend classes regularly.'
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'should' (advice) and 'must' / 'has to' (necessity) — 'A student SHOULD study daily and MUST attend classes regularly.' Modals capture different shades of duty: 'should' is recommended; 'must' is essential.
